'ilm al-yaqin

[abdarrashid]

the following is a tafsir of the Ayat al-Karima, mentioned in a previous post, from the Kitab Qawa'id al-Aqa'id, from the 'Ihya of Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazzali, rahmatullahi alayh.

the Hadith Master, the mufasir, Imam 'Imad al-Din ibn Kathir, rahmatullahi alayh:

Then, Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) begins to explain His great ability to create strange things and amazing matters. He brings this as a proof of His ability to do whatever He wishes concerning the matter of the Hereafter and other matters as well.




wadi Ilyab Southern Arabia

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He (a: Azza wa Jall) says,

أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الْأَرْضَ مِهَادًا ﴿٦

Have We not made the earth as a bed,

meaning, an established, firm and peaceful resting place that is subservient to them.

وَالْجِبَالَ أَوْتَادًا ﴿٧

And the mountains as pegs,

meaning, He made them as pegs for the earth to hold it in place, make it stable and firm. This is so that it may be suitable for dwelling and not quake with those who are in it.

Then Allah (a:Azza wa Jall) says,

وَخَلَقْنَاكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا ﴿٨

And We have created you in pairs.

meaning, male and female, both of them enjoying each other, and by this means procreation is achieved.

This is similar to Allah's statement,

وَمِنْ ءايَـتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَجاً لِّتَسْكُنُواْ إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُم مَّوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً

And among His signs is this that He created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find repose in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy. (30:21)

Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) says,

وَجَعَلْنَا نَوْمَكُمْ سُبَاتًا ﴿٩

And We have made your sleep as a thing for rest.

meaning, a cessation of movement in order to attain rest from the frequent repetition and going about in search of livelihood during the day.

A similar Ayah has been mentioned previously in Surah Al-Furqan.





island Masjid in Jeddah


وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ لِبَاسًا ﴿١٠

And We have made the night as a covering,

meaning, its shade and darkness covers the people.

This is as Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) says,

وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَـهَا

By the night as it conceals it. (91:4)

Qatadah commented; وَجَعَلْنَا الَّيْلَ لِبَاساً meaning, a tranquil residence.

Concerning Allah's statement,

وَجَعَلْنَا النَّهَارَ مَعَاشًا ﴿١١
And We have made the day for livelihood.

meaning, `We made it radiant, luminous, and shining so that the people would be able to move about in it.'

By it they are able to come and go for their livelihood, earning, business dealings and other than that as well.


http://ts1.mm.bing.net/th?id=I.4527905645070360&pid=1.9

the sky over the desert of Arabia


In reference to Allah's statement,

وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعًا شِدَادًا ﴿١٢

And We have built above you seven strong,

meaning, the seven heavens in their vastness, loftiness, perfection, precision, and adornment with both stable and moving stars.


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sunrise over the hills in Arabia

Thus, Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) says,

وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا ﴿١٣

And We have made (therein) a shining lamp.

meaning, the radiant sun that gives light to all of the world. Its light glows for all of the people of the earth.


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rain clouds in oman


Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) then says,

وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ الْمُعْصِرَاتِ مَاء ثَجَّاجًا ﴿١٤

And We have sent down from the Mu`sirat water Thajjaj.

Imam Ali bin Abi Talhah, (a: rahmatullahi alayh), reported from (a: sayyidinna) Ibn Abbas, (a:radiullahu ta'la anhu), that he said,

"From the Mu`sirat means from the clouds.''

This was also stated by (a: Imam) Ikrimah, (a: Imam) Abu Al-`Aliyah, (a: Imam) Ad-Dahhak, (a: Imam) Al-Hasan, (a: Imam) Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, (a: Imam) Ath-Thawri, and it is preferred by (a: Imam) Ibn Jarir, (a: rahmatullahi alayhim ajma'in).

Al-Farra' (a: rahmatullahi alayh), said,

"They are the clouds that are filled with rain, but they do not bring rain. This is like the woman being called Mu`sir when (the time of) her menstrual cycle approaches, yet she does not menstruate.''


http://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?id=I.4769428822164129&pid=1.9


This is as Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) says,

اللَّهُ الَّذِى يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَـحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَاباً فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِى السَّمَآءِ كَيْفَ يَشَآءُ وَيَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفاً فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلاَلِهِ

Allah is He Who sends the winds, so that they raise clouds, and spread them along the sky as He wills, and then break them into fragments, until you see rain drops come forth from their midst! meaning, from its midst. (30:48)

Concerning Allah's statement, مَآءً ثَجَّاجاً (water Thajjaj) (a: Imam) Mujahid, (a: Imam) Qatadah, and (a: Imam) Ar-Rabi` bin Anas (a: rahmatullahi alayhim) all said,

"Thajjaj means poured out.''

(a: Imam) At-Thawri (a: rahmatullahi alayh) said, "Continuous.''

(a: Imam) Ibn Zayd (a: rahmatullahi alayh) said, "Abundant.''

In the Hadith of the woman with prolonged menstrual bleeding, when the Messenger of Allah (a: sallAllahu alayhi wa ala alihi wa sahbihi wa baraka wa salama wa sharafa wa karama) said to her,

أَنْعَتُ لَكِ الْكُرْسُف
I suggest you to make an absorbent cloth for yourself.''

Meaning, `dress the area with cotton.'

The woman replied, "O Messenger of Allah! It (the bleeding) is too much for that. Verily, it flows in profusely (Thajja).''

This contains an evidence for using the word Thajj to mean abundant, continuous and flowing. And Allah knows best.


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vegetation in Arabia

Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) said,

لِنُخْرِجَ بِهِ حَبًّا وَنَبَاتًا ﴿١٥
وَجَنَّاتٍ أَلْفَافًا ﴿١٦

That We may produce therewith corn and vegetation, and gardens that are Alfaf.

meaning, `so that We may bring out great abundance, goodness, benefit, and blessing through this water.'

حَبّاً grains,

This refers to that which is preserved for (the usage) of humans and cattle.
وَنَبَاتاً and vegetations,

meaning, vegetables that are eaten fresh.

وَجَنَّـتٍ And gardens,

meaning, gardens of various fruits, differing colors, and a wide variety of tastes and fragrances, even if it is ingathered at one location of the earth.

This is why Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) says وَجَنَّـتٍ أَلْفَافاً (And gardens that are Alfaf).

(a: sayyidinna) Ibn `Abbas (a: radiullahu ta'la anhu) and other said, "Alfaf means gathered.''

http://ts3.mm.bing.net/th?id=I.4807851591271562&pid=1.9

marrakesh

This is similar to Allah's statement,

وَفِى الاٌّرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُّتَجَـوِرَتٌ وَجَنَّـتٌ مِّنْ أَعْنَـبٍ وَزَرْعٌ وَنَخِيلٌ صِنْوَنٌ وَغَيْرُ صِنْوَنٍ يُسْقَى بِمَآءٍ وَحِدٍ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِى الاٍّكُلِ إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ

And in the earth are neighboring tracts, and gardens of vines, and green crops, and date palms, growing into two or three from a single stem root, or otherwise, watered with the same water; yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat. Verily, in these things there are Ayat for the people who understand. (13:4) [1]

http://ts3.mm.bing.net/th?id=I.4881952644794182&pid=1.9

date palm, Arabia

***

[1] 78:6-16, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Adhim, (abridged)
http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%...078%20Naba.htm

[abdarrashid]

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everest


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Imam 'imad al-Din ibn Kathir, rahmatullahi alayh:

Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) said:

إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ ...

Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth...,

Therefore, the sky, with its height, intricate design, vastness, the heavenly objects in orbit, and this earth, with its density, its lowlands, mountains, seas, deserts, valleys, and other structures, and beneficial things that it has.


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earth day and night from space

Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) continues:

... وَاخْتِلاَفِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ ...

...and in the alternation of night and day.

This (the night) comes and then goes followed by the other (the day) which does not delay for even an instant, just as Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) said:





لاَ الشَّمْسُ يَنبَغِى لَهَآ أَن تدْرِكَ القَمَرَ وَلاَ الَّيْلُ سَابِقُ النَّهَارِ وَكُلٌّ فِى فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ

It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor does the night outstrip the day. They all float, each in an orbit. (36:40)

Sometimes, the day grows shorter and the night longer, and sometimes vice versa, one takes from the length of the other. Similarly Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) said:

يُولِجُ الَّيْلَ فِى النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِى الَّيْلِ

Allah merges the night into the day, and He merges the day into the night. (57:6)

meaning, He (a: Azza wa Jall) extends the length of one from the other and vice versa.








Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) then continues:

... وَالْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنفَعُ النَّاسَ ...

...and the ships which sail through the sea with that which is of use to mankind,

Shaping the sea in this manner, so that it is able to carry ships from one shore to another, so people benefit from what the other region has, and export what they have to them and vice versa.


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Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) then continues:

... وَمَا أَنزَلَ اللّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاء مِن مَّاء فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الأرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا ...

...and the water (rain) which Allah sends down from the sky and makes the earth alive therewith after its death,

which is similar to Allah's statement:

وَآيَةٌ لَّهُمُ الْأَرْضُ الْمَيْتَةُ أَحْيَيْنَاهَا وَأَخْرَجْنَا مِنْهَا حَبًّا فَمِنْهُ يَأْكُلُونَ

And a sign for them is the dead land. We give it life, and We bring forth from it grains, so that they eat thereof. (36:33), until: وَمِمَّا لَا يَعْلَمُونَ (which they know not). (36:36)

Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) continues:

... وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ دَآبَّةٍ ...

and the moving (living) creatures of all kinds that He has scattered therein,
meaning, in various shapes, colors, uses and sizes, whether small or large. Allah knows all that, sustains it, and nothing is concealed from Him.

Similarly, Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) said:

وَمَا مِن دَآبَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرْضِ إِلاَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُهَا وَيَعْلَمُ مُسْتَقَرَّهَا وَمُسْتَوْدَعَهَا كُلٌّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ

And no moving (living) creature is there on earth but its provision is due from Allah. And He knows its dwelling place and its deposit (in the uterus or grave). All is in a Clear Book (Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz ـ the Book of Decrees with Allah). (11:6)



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... وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحِ ...

...and in the veering of winds...,

Sometimes, the wind brings mercy and sometimes torment. Sometimes it brings the good news of the clouds that follow it, sometimes it leads the clouds, herding them, scattering them or directing them. Sometimes, the wind comes from the north (the northern wind), and sometimes from the south, sometimes from the east, and striking the front of the Ka`bah, sometimes from the west, striking its back.

There are many books about the wind rain, stars and the regulations related to them, but here is not the place to elaborate on that, and Allah knows best.



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Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) continues:

... وَالسَّحَابِ الْمُسَخِّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمَاء وَالأَرْضِ ...

...and clouds which are held between the sky and the earth,

The clouds run between the sky and the earth to wherever Allah wills of lands and areas.

Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) said next:

... لآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ ﴿١٦٤

...are indeed Ayat for people of understanding.

meaning, all these things are clear signs that testify to Allah's Oneness.






Similarly, Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) said:

إِنَّ فِى خَلْقِ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاخْتِلَـفِ الَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لاّيَـتٍ لاٌّوْلِى الاٌّلْبَـبِ
الَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ قِيَـماً وَقُعُوداً وَعَلَى جُنُوبِهِمْ وَيَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِى خَلْقِ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ رَبَّنَآ مَا خَلَقْتَ هَذا بَـطِلاً سُبْحَـنَكَ فَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ

Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for men of understanding.
Those who remember Allah (always, and in prayers) standing, sitting, and lying down on their sides, and think deeply about the creation of the heavens and the earth, (saying): "Our Lord! You have not created (all) this without purpose, glory to You! (Exalted are You above all that they associate with You as partners). Give us salvation from the torment of the Fire.'' (3:190-191) [1]


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[1] 2:164, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Adhim, (abridged)
http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%...aqarah%20I.htm

[abdarrashid]

Imam 'Imad al-Din ibn Kathir, rahmatullahi alayh:

Concerning Allah's statement,

أَلَمْ تَرَوْا كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا ﴿١٥

See you not how Allah has created the seven heavens in tiers?

meaning, one above another.

Can this be comprehended simply by hearing it only or is it of the matters that actually can be perceived with the senses which are known about the movements (of the heavenly bodies) and the eclipses. It is known that they (the scholars) have many different opinions about these matters that we will not discuss here. The only intent here is that

... خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا

وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا ﴿١٦

Allah has created the seven heavens in tiers and has made the moon a light therein, and made the sun a lamp.

meaning, He made a distinction between them (the sun and moon) in reference to their lighting. He made each one of them in a set manner with a distinct quality so that the night and day may be known. They (the night and day) are known by the rising and setting of the sun. He also determined fixed stations and positions for the moon, and He made its light vary so that sometimes it increases until it reaches a maximum, then it begins to decrease until it is completely veiled. This shows the passing of months and years.

This is as Allah (a: Azza wa Jall) said,

هُوَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَآءً وَالْقَمَرَ نُوراً وَقَدَّرَهُ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُواْ عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ يُفَصِّلُ الآيَـتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ

It is He Who made the sun a shining thing and the moon as a light and measured out for its stages that you might know the number of years and the reckoning. Allah did not create this but in truth. He explains the Ayat in detail for people who have knowledge. (10:5)

Concerning Allah's statement,

وَاللَّهُ أَنبَتَكُم مِّنَ الْأَرْضِ نَبَاتًا ﴿١٧

And Allah has brought you forth from the (dust of) earth.

This (Nabat) is a verbal noun (for emphasis) and its usage here is most excellent.

ثُمَّ يُعِيدُكُمْ فِيهَا ...

Afterwards He will return you into it (the earth),

meaning, when you die.




Jabal al-Rahma


... وَيُخْرِجُكُمْ إِخْرَاجًا ﴿١٨

And bring you forth.

meaning, on the Day of Judgement He will repeat your creation just as He first originated you. [1]

***

[1] 71:15-18, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Adhim, (abridged).
http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%.../071%20Nuh.htm

[abdarrashid]

it appears to have not shown, please see the next post

[abdarrashid]

fetal stages





masai mara



siri piya



berber stove



berbers in the sahara

[abdarrashid]

apologies.

[abdarrashid]

salam
on this particular thread i am unable to post the tafsir of the rest of the Ayaat al-Karima, mentioned by Mawlana Hujjat al-Islam, Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, rahmatullahi alayh (from a previous post). please refer to the new thread, 'ilm al-yaqin 2